Marković defines Montenegro's prosecution service by independence

Three years of institutional reform in Montenegro

The State Prosecution Service has undergone three years of institutional reform to strengthen its operations. These efforts aim to create conditions for impartial crime fighting, professional accountability, and efficient work while maintaining a European path.

The office has increased its professional support staff, recruited new personnel, and continued investing in professional development.

Bolstering professional accountability and ethics

Professional accountability has been bolstered through a new Code of Ethics with implementation guidelines, improved performance assessment rules, and a mechanism to protect prosecutor autonomy.

Progress in high-level corruption and organized crime investigations

The European Commission has acknowledged progress in investigating and prosecuting high-level corruption and organized crime, which are key benchmarks for negotiating Chapters 23 and 24. Procedures for handling cases involving hate speech, hate crimes, domestic violence, attacks on journalists, and torture have been improved through the issuance of binding instructions.

Efforts to combat human trafficking, investigate war crimes, and improve international cooperation have continued. An inter-institutional Operational Team was also established to coordinate the detection and prosecution of environmental crimes.

EU accession and future judicial standards

Marković said, "Membership of the European Union does not represent the end of reforms for us, but rather confirmation of the standards we are obliged to uphold permanently".

EU Ambassador to Montenegro Johann Sattler described the State Prosecution Service as a fundamental pillar of the country's rule of law system during and after its EU accession. Sattler noted that closing negotiating chapters will not end rule of law reforms, as they are expected to continue.

UN report details human rights violations in Iran

The country's legal framework enables discrimination, arbitrary arrest, torture, and due process violations.

Hostilities conducted by the United States and Israel this year disrupted access to water, education, and healthcare while destroying homes.

Tens of thousands of people were arrested and detained, with many suffering torture and ill-treatment.

Records show at least 221 children among the dead, with the youngest being four months old.

A nationwide internet shutdown lasted almost five months until January 2026, a period when protest-related deaths and detentions reached their highest levels.

UN experts raise concerns over Indian police conduct

Experts previously alerted Indian authorities to the targeting of student activists, arbitrary detentions, and excessive use of force.

Hundreds of thousands of students and supporters gathered to protest education system decisions and the deletion of voter rolls, which affects 130 million individuals from minority groups. Law enforcement agencies used lathi charges against unarmed students and prevented thousands from joining peaceful protests.

In March, plain-clothes police detained 10 student and labor-rights activists in New Delhi, holding them incommunicado for over 24 hours. These individuals faced threats, coercion, and forced declarations before their release following habeas corpus proceedings.

Authorities recently detained approximately 7,000 people, including journalists, lawyers, and human rights defenders, in remote detention centers. Officials seized phones and deleted protest-related materials, though most detainees were released 24 hours after their arrest.

Reports indicate gender-based abuse and sexual violence occurred during protests and subsequent detentions.

Ana Brian Nougrères, the Special Rapporteur on the right to privacy, joined other experts in calling for an immediate, independent, and thorough investigation into law enforcement conduct. This investigation aims to ensure accountability, justice, and reparations for victims.

Indian Supreme Court intervention in protest cases

These protests resulted in dozens of FIRs naming thousands of participants.

This committee investigates police conduct, preserves drone and CCTV footage, and evaluates the legality of blanket prohibitory orders.

On September 1, 2026, the Supreme Court quashed 129 FIRs across the five states. The Court invoked Article 142 to extinguish the criminal proceedings as part of a settlement where the protest leadership agreed to withdraw a national march scheduled for September 5, 2026. Paragraph 7 of the September 1, 2026, order excluded 2,873 individuals from relief, subjecting them to criminal investigation because police affidavits asserted they had "serious criminal antecedents" and were "prima facie present" at protest sites.

Historical context of Indian police reform

India's police force operates under the structure and primary law established by the Police Act of 1861, which a colonial government designed to control a subject population. In 2024, the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam replaced the previous colonial-era criminal codes. Under the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution, the responsibility for policing and maintaining law and order belongs to the States.

Hidayatullah established a "three concentric circles" test to distinguish between law and order, public order, and the security of the State. The test defines law and order as the broadest category, public order as a narrower category affecting the community at large, and security of the State as the most specific category.

Policing is often considered a "de facto concurrent subject" because the Union government legislates criminal law, trains IPS officers, provides funding for modernization, and operates specialized agencies like the CBI, NIA, and ED alongside the State-run police. Several bodies have proposed police reforms, including the Ribeiro, Padmanabhaiah, Malimath, and Mooshahary committees, the Police Act Drafting Committee, the 2nd ARC’s Fifth Report, and the Model Police Bill 2015.