Trump removes South Africa and Rwanda from AGOA trade program

USTR Greer cites trade barriers and national security threats

United States Trade Representative Jamieson Greer said the decision follows an annual interagency review. This review determined that both nations engage in practices inconsistent with the requirements of the African Growth and Opportunity Act.

President Trump cited barriers to American trade and investment as well as threats to United States national security and foreign policy interests as reasons for the termination. Greer stated, "President Trump found that the governments of Rwanda and South Africa are engaging in practices that are inconsistent with AGOA's eligibility criteria".

Greer further noted, "These concerning and pervasive practices include, but are not limited to, barriers that undermine American trade and investment and practices that pose a threat to U.S. national security and foreign policy interests in the region".

Specific concerns regarding corruption and human rights

The administration identified specific issues for each country beyond general trade barriers. For Rwanda, the USTR identified concerns regarding the rule of law, political pluralism, human rights, and internationally recognized workers' rights.

Regarding South Africa, the administration cited corruption alongside trade and investment barriers as primary concerns.

Economic impact on South African exports

These exports included vehicles, agricultural products, clothing, and manufactured goods.

The termination removes preferential tariff treatment for these items. While this change could increase the cost of affected exports, it does not end ordinary trade between the United States and the two nations.

Government responses and diplomatic reactions

South African Trade, Industry and Competition Minister Parks Tau said the government submitted proposals to address American concerns and remains open to negotiations.

Historical context of the AGOA program

The African Growth and Opportunity Act began in 2000 to provide eligible sub-Saharan African nations with duty-free access to the United States market for over 1,800 products. These trade benefits are valued at approximately $33 trillion.

President Trump signed a one-year reauthorization in February 2026 that extended the program through December 31, 2026.

Rwanda previously faced trade restrictions in 2018.

Timeline of reports leading to termination

Forbes Africa reported on October 28, 2026, that South African President Cyril Ramaphosa hinted at the possibility of exclusion from the program.

The final determination regarding South Africa's $1.7 billion in duty-free trade benefits arrived 17 months after a tense meeting between the two leaders in the Oval Office.